Valles Mines, Missouri, U S A
Founded in 1749 by Francois Valle in the French Upper Louisiana before Lewis and Clark. 275 years later the Valle Mining Company's 4000+ acre property every year absorbs 21,000 tons of carbon dioxide and generates
14,000 tons of oxygen, enough to meet the needs of 63,000 people. [USDA Forest Facts]
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Valles Mines Rare Hypogene Cave System

Inside our Garotte Mine
Attn: Missouri School Of Mines & Metallurgy
Student Tours By Special Arrangement Only
Contact john@valleminingcompany.com
or Professor Kwame

"Push Cart Trail in the Garotte Mine #1", photo by Jim Sherrell

Our rare hypogene cave system, estimated at 16 miles long, while often found broken into separate 100-yard segments, were also found unexpectedly lined with metallic ores (galena with cerrusite known as white lead ore, smithsonite, barite.) Sure, the earliest ores broke the surface but it didn't take long to figure out that these deposits lead underground to caves that sloped down into large rooms (pictured).

The term hypogene speleogenesis follows the definition of Ford (2006), "...The formation of caves is by water that recharges the soluble formation from below, driven by hydrostatic pressure or other sources of energy, independent of recharge from the overlying or adjacent surface".

Museum Annex
Exhibit: 'Mineral Blossoms' (drusy quartz) and other local samples gathered from our Mines and Works on the property.
Exhibit: Windlass for hauling ore up out of a mineshaft
Exhibit: An Ore Cart like the ones used in our Garotte Mines.
Buildings

Core House #1 - The Paymaster's Shack, a modest building with a big history (14116 Valles Mines School Road 63087) where payroll was kept for the miners both working for the Company on their own leased digs and selling their lead to the Company. Jesse James blew our safe in that building but never robbed the train. His hideout cave lies a few miles due East.

The Core House even today holds solid rock cores preserved from our Diamond Drill Prospecting operations and logged into maps from under your feet (Click here to see the drill hole log of the Artesian Well). The Missouri Dept of Natural Resources keeps all the logs of all the drill holes going down into the earth in the "Well Drillers Section". You might try to look your own well up some time. The "Land Survey" section keeps surveys of where a well is drilled. Or where miners worked their mines

See Also, 1914 Artesian Well, where a diamond core drill produced 6 drill sites going down to 840 feet in search of the Viburnum Trend. The resulting cores are stored in this building.

The General Store Collection inside: historic photos, mining tools, ledgers, artifacts, and documents from the 1800's forward. Many local residents or their descendants have donated their family portraits, Kodaks, and work pictures of times past. Former Valles Mines residents and their families now live all over the world and we try to track them. You never know who you might meet here. Recent visitors came from New Zealand and England.

From the days of brute force, before Black & Decker or even electricity. The store sold explosives and the miners drilled using star drills and sledge hammers, packing the holes they had made with explosives (originally black powder, then decades later, dynamite). Imagine hand mining all day lying on your back picking ore from the cave ceiling. It took two hundred years before power drills were invented. "The men were bulls!"

The Artesian Well In 1911, the steam powered Diamond Core Drill struck an underground river making the Artesian Well start to flow at 75 gallons/minute. Still today, downhill from the Museum, you can drink from it. While people originally came from as far away as Illinois to fill their containers, we recently had visitors from New Zealand drive up one day. After seeing it on the web, it was a "must-see" for them. And a must-drink" as they filled their RV's water tank at the Artesian.

Limestone, also know as Dolomite, is quarried in Missouri and elsewhere like Rhode Island. The Missouri Limestone Producers website offers a Resources for Teachers and Students section you might want to see.